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    Security wiki — definitions for every term you need to know

    Clear, authoritative definitions of security industry terminology — written for civilian buyers, executives, and anyone researching private security services. Each entry links to the relevant service page.

    Technical Surveillance Countermeasures (TSCM)

    What is TSCM (Technical Surveillance Countermeasures)?

    TSCM (Technical Surveillance Countermeasures) is the professional practice of detecting and neutralising hidden listening devices, covert cameras, and other technical surveillance equipment in a physical environment. A TSCM sweep uses specialised equipment — RF spectrum analysers, non-linear junction detectors (NLJD), and thermal imaging — to identify both active and dormant surveillance devices that standard visual inspection would miss.

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    Close protection

    What is close protection?

    Close protection is the professional practice of protecting an individual or small group from physical harm, kidnap, harassment, or surveillance through a combination of advance work, route planning, threat assessment, and a trained operative positioned with or near the principal. A close protection officer (CPO) is trained to prevent threats from materialising rather than to respond to them after the fact.

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    CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear)

    What is CBRN?

    CBRN stands for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear — four categories of hazardous materials or weapons that pose mass-casualty or contamination risks. In a civilian security context, CBRN preparedness means training personnel to recognise potential CBRN incidents, respond correctly in the first minutes, and interface with specialist emergency services rather than aggravating the situation.

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    Security driver

    What is a security driver?

    A security driver is a close protection-trained professional who provides secure ground transport for a principal, combining advanced and defensive driving skills with CPO competencies — threat awareness, route assessment, counter-surveillance, and emergency response. A security driver is qualitatively different from a standard chauffeur or executive driver.

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    Manned guarding / objectbeveiliging

    What is manned guarding (objectbeveiliging)?

    Manned guarding — known in Dutch as objectbeveiliging, also called object security or static guarding — is the deployment of licensed, trained security officers who actively protect a defined building, site, or asset against unauthorised access, burglary, vandalism, fire, and incident escalation. Unlike CCTV or alarm monitoring, manned guarding provides a human presence that controls access, exercises judgement, and responds to incidents in real time.

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    Mobile patrol security

    What is mobile patrol security?

    Mobile patrol security is a service in which security officers travel between multiple sites or patrol the perimeter and grounds of a single large site, rather than remaining stationary. Combined with alarm monitoring and response capability, mobile patrols provide cost-effective security coverage for premises that do not require or cannot justify the cost of permanent static guarding.

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    Security risk assessment

    What is a security risk assessment?

    A security risk assessment is a structured evaluation of the threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences facing an organisation, premises, or individual — used to determine what security measures are proportionate and necessary. A professional assessment produces a prioritised list of recommendations and the basis for a security specification or close-protection brief.

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    Executive protection (EP)

    What is executive protection?

    Executive protection (EP) is a comprehensive personal security programme for senior corporate executives — typically C-suite, board members, or high-net-worth individuals — that integrates close protection, travel security, residential security, cyber and communications security, and intelligence-led threat assessment into a continuous security posture rather than a reactive, event-by-event service.

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    Physical security

    What is physical security?

    Physical security is the protection of people, assets, and premises from physical threats — including intrusion, theft, vandalism, and violence — through a combination of environmental design, physical barriers, electronic systems (CCTV, access control, alarms), and human security resources (guards, patrols). Effective physical security uses a layered model where each layer provides both independent protection and depth in the event another layer is breached.

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    Access control

    What is access control?

    Access control is the practice of selectively restricting entry to a premises, area, or resource to authorised individuals. In physical security, it encompasses mechanical systems (locks and keys), electronic systems (card readers, PIN pads, biometrics), and human control (reception security, guarded checkpoints). Access control is a foundational layer of any physical security system.

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    Hostile environment training (HEAT)

    What is hostile environment training (HEAT)?

    Hostile environment training (HEAT) is a security and survival training programme for personnel deploying to, or operating in, conflict zones, high-risk areas, or any environment where the threat of violence, kidnap, or accident is materially higher than a standard operating environment. HEAT prepares personnel to recognise threats, make sound tactical decisions, and respond effectively to medical emergencies.

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    Threat intelligence

    What is threat intelligence?

    Threat intelligence is processed, analysed information about current or potential security threats — adversaries, their capabilities, their intentions, and their methods — that enables an organisation or individual to make specific, proportionate decisions about security measures. It differs from general news monitoring in that it is specific, actionable, and assessed against the particular risk profile of the consumer.

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