Types of access control systems
Electronic access control systems use credentials — proximity cards, key fobs, PIN codes, or biometric identifiers (fingerprint, face recognition) — to verify that an individual is authorised before releasing an electronic lock. Audit logging is a standard feature: every access event (successful entry, failed attempt, door forced) is recorded with a timestamp and the credential used, creating an evidence trail that supports incident investigation.
Manned access control — security officers at reception points, guarded vehicle gates, and building entry checkpoints — combines the verification capability of electronic systems with human judgement. A card reader confirms that the credential is valid; a security officer confirms that the person presenting the credential matches the registered user and has a legitimate reason to be on-site. For high-security environments, both layers are required.